What is the Structure of the Speed Reducer?

Independent transmission components used for reducing rotation speed, transmitting power and increasing torque. The reducer is an independent closed drive device between the prime mover and the working machine, which is used to reduce the speed and increase the torque to meet the needs of the work, and in some occasions it is also used to grow, called the growth device. Selection of reducer should be according to the selection conditions, technical parameters, power machine performance, economy and other factors, compare the outer size of different types, varieties of reducer, transmission efficiency, bearing capacity, quality, price, etc., choose the most suitable reducer. The reducer is a relatively sophisticated machine that is used to reduce the speed and increase the torque.

The basic structure reducer is mainly composed of transmission parts (gear or worm), shaft, bearing, box body and its accessories. Its basic structure has three major parts:

1. gear, shaft and bearing combination pinion and shaft integrated, called gear shaft, this structure is used for the gear diameter and the shaft diameter, if the diameter of the shaft is d, then df-d 6 ~ 7 mn, this structure should be used. When df-d> 6 ~ 7 mn, the structure of gear and shaft is separated into two parts, such as low speed shaft and large gear. At this time, the gear is connected with the circumferential fixed flat key of the shaft, and the shaft parts use the shaft shoulder, shaft sleeve and bearing cover for axial fixation. Deep-groove ball bearings are used in both axes. This combination is used to withstand radial loads and small axial loads. When the axial load is large, the combination structure of angular contact ball bearing, cone roller bearing or deep groove ball bearing and thrust bearing shall be used. The bearing is lubricated by the thin oil splashed when the gear is rotating. The lubricating oil of the oil tank in the tank seat is splashed on the inner wall of the tank lid by the rotating gear, flows along the inner wall to the groove of the tank surface, and then flows into the bearing through the oil guide tank. When the peripheral speed of the oil-immersed gear is υ 2 m/s, the bearing shall be lubricated with grease. In order to avoid possible thin oil splashing, it can be separated by an oil retaining ring. To prevent the loss of lubricating oil and external dust into the box, sealing elements are installed between the bearing end cover and the outer extension shaft.

2. Box body Box body is an important component of the reducer. It is the base of transmission parts and should have sufficient strength and stiffness. Boxes are usually made of grey cast iron, and cast steel boxes can also be used for heavy load or impact load reducer. In order to simplify the process and reduce the cost of the single production of the reducer, the steel plate welding box can be used. Grey cast iron has very good casting properties and vibration reduction properties. To facilitate the installation and disassembly of the axle system parts, the box is made into horizontal section along the axis line. The upper box cover and the lower box body are bolted into one. The connecting bolts of the bearing seat shall be as close as possible to the bearing seat holes, and the convex platform next to the bearing seat shall have sufficient supporting surface to place the connecting bolts and ensure the wrench space required for tightening the bolts. To ensure sufficient stiffness of the box body, support ribs are added near the bearing holes. In order to ensure the stability of the reducer placed on the foundation and reduce the machining area of the box base plane as far as possible, the box base generally does not use the complete plane.

3. reducer accessories in order to ensure the normal work of the reducer, in addition to the gear, shaft, bearing combination and box structure design to give enough attention, should also consider the reducer lubricating oil tank oil, discharge, check the oil surface height, processing and disassembly maintenance of box cover and accurate positioning, hoisting and other auxiliary parts and parts reasonable selection and design.

a.The inspection hole is to check the engagement of the transmission parts, and inject lubricating oil into the box. The inspection hole should be set up in the appropriate position of the box. The inspection hole is located at the top of the upper box cover to directly observe the gear engagement site. Usually, the cover plate of the inspection hole is fixed on the box cover with screws.

b. When the ventilation reducer works, the temperature inside the box increases, the gas expands, and the pressure increases. In order to make the hot air in the box can be discharged freely, to maintain the balance of the pressure inside and outside the box, and does not cause the leakage of lubricating oil along the box surface or the shaft extension seal and other gaps, the ventilator is usually installed on the top of the box.

c. The bearing cover is the axial position of the bearing parts and bears the axial load. Both ends of the bearing holes are closed with the bearing cover. The bearing cover is flange and embedded. Fixed to the box with hexagon bolts, the bearing cover at the extension shaft is a through hole, which contains a sealing device. The advantage of flange bearing cover is that it is convenient to assemble and adjust the bearing, but compared with the embedded bearing cover, the number of parts is large, the size is large and the appearance is uneven.

d. Positioning pin In order to ensure the disassembly of the box cover, the accuracy of the bearing hole manufacturing processing, the positioning pin should be installed on the connecting flange of the box cover and the box seat in front of the finishing bearing hole. Place on the connecting flange of the longitudinal sides of the box, and the symmetrical box should be arranged symmetrically to avoid misloading.

e. Oil surface indicator Check the height of the oil surface of the oil tank in the reducer, often keep the right amount of oil in the oil tank, and generally install the oil surface indicator in the stable oil surface.

f. When releasing the oil plug for oil change, discharge dirty oil and cleaning agent, the oil release hole should be opened at the bottom of the seat of the tank and the lowest position of the oil tank, usually use the screw plug to block the oil release hole, and the leakage washer should be added between the oil release plug and the joint surface of the box.

g. In order to strengthen the sealing effect, the opening screw is usually coated with water glass or sealant on the cutting surface of the box during the assembly, so it is often difficult to open the cover because of the close glue when disassembly. For this purpose, ~2 screw holes are often processed at the appropriate position of the connecting flange of the box cover, and rotated into the cylindrical or flat opening screws used for opening the box. Rotate the opening box screw to lift the upper box lid. Small reducer can not set the opening screw, with the starter to pry open the lid, the size of the opening screw can be the same as the flange connection bolt.

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